1. 1. Geoffrey Hinton played a major role in the foundation of modern AI.
2. 2. The World Wide Web, HTML, URLs, and HTTP were invented by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN beginning in 1989.
3. 3. Atoms are composed of a nucleus with protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons.
4. 4. Cybernetics is the science of how systems, both natural and artificial, self-regulate by measuring their output and making adjustments to achieve a goal.
5. 5. The electromagnetic spectrum is the full range of all electromagnetic wave frequencies, including radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.
6. 6. A quantum is the smallest measurable unit of energy or matter that behaves according to the rules of quantum mechanics.
7. 7. Roy Fielding created the REST concept in his 2000 PhD thesis to define a scalable, stateless architecture for web APIs.
8. 8. Linux was developed in 1991 by Linus Torvalds as a free and open-source operating system kernel.
9. 9. A lexicon is a specialized dictionary that systematically records the words of a language, including their meanings, origins, and usage.
10. 9. Synthesis is the process of producing a new substance, idea, or system by chemically, logically, or creatively combining two or more distinct components or elements.
11. 10. Methodology is the systematic set of methods, rules, and principles used to conduct research or carry out a particular process.
12. 11. An algorithm is a defined sequence of logical steps or rules designed to perform a specific task or solve a particular problem efficiently.
13. 12. A prodigy is a young person who demonstrates exceptional talent or ability in a particular field at an unusually early age.